Likeness and presence : a history of the image before the era of art

Before the Renaissance and Reformation, holy images were treated not as "art" but as objects of veneration which possessed the tangible presence of the Holy.

In this book, Hans Belting traces the long history of the sacral image and its changing role in European culture.

It looks at the beliefs, superstitions, hopes, and fears that come into play as people handle and respond to sacred images, and presents a compelling interpretation of the place of the image in Western history.