An answer to the question, what is enlightenment?

Immanuel Kant was one of the most influential philosophers in the whole of Europe, who changed Western thought with his examinations of reason and the nature of reality.

In these writings he investigates human progress, civilization, morality and why, to be truly enlightened, we must all have the freedom and courage to use our own intellect.

Throughout history, some books have changed the world.

They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other.

They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution.

They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted.

They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.