Birth in Buddhism: the suffering fetus and female freedom

Recent decades have seen a groundswell in the Buddhist world, a transnational agitation for better opportunities for Buddhist women.

Many of the main players in the transnational nuns movement self-identify as feminists but other participants in this movement may not know or use the language of feminism.

In fact, many ordained Buddhist women say they seek higher ordination so that they might be better Buddhist practitioners, not for the sake of gender equality.

Eschewing the backward projection of secular liberal feminist categories, this work describes the basic features of the Buddhist discourse of the female body, held more or less in common across sectarian lines, and still pertinent to ordained Buddhist women today.