Caligula: an unexpected general

Gaius Caligula reigned for four short years from 37 to 41 CE before his infamous tenure came to a violent end.

While much has been written about Caligula's notorious excesses and court life, relatively little of his military and foreign policy has been seriously studied.

This is a military history of Rome during Caligula's reign.

Lee Fratantuono offers a new appraisal of Caligula as a surprisingly competent military strategist, arguing that his achievements helped to secure Roman military power in Europe for a generation.