Self-Efficacy: An Antecedent of Burnout for High School Teachers?

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between and among measures of depression and anxiety in an outpatient sample.

More specifically, this study investigated whether narrowband or broadband measures would be able to discriminate between anxious and non-anxious, depressed and non-depressed groups.

Overall, the results demonstrated that both the MMMP-D and BDI-II were valid measures of depression for helping to identify depressive symptoms in individuals seeking outpatient psychological services.

Specifically, the MMPI-D and BDI-II were comparable in terms of overall classification for those in the depression group and control group.

With regard to sensitivity, the BDI-II cutoff score of 14 was most sensitive (72%) for detecting depression.

The BDI-II cutoff of 28 and MMPI-D using the cutoff score of 65 demonstrated high specificity (93% and 97% respectively).

In contrast, the narrowband (BAI) and broadband anxiety measure (MMPI-Pt and ANX Scale) did not demonstrate sufficient support as measures of anxiety for discriminating anxiety symptoms in individuals seeking outpatient psychological services.

Specifically, the anxiety measures demonstrated low sensitivity (ranging from 0% to 53%).

The BAI however, did demonstrate comparable specificity and sensitivity 53% and 50% respectively.

In summary, the trend observed on the narrowband measures of both the BAI and BDI-II was that the lowest cutoff score demonstrated the most specificity.

In addition, as the cutoff score increased there was a decrease in sensitivity and increase in specificity.

In terms of the broadband measures, the depression scale (MMPI-D) demonstrated better specificity than sensitivity.

The broadband anxiety scales (MMPI-Pt and ANX) both demonstrated poor sensitivity and moderate specificity in terms of detecting anxiety.