Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - 97

Many of the fundamental concepts of animal virology originated from the study of the variola-cowpox-vaccinia virus system with vaccinia virus serving as the type species (Fen- nerand Burnet 1957; Burnet 1959; Fenner 1976a, b).

The importance of the Poxviridae(Fen- ner 1979) for the study of viruses as biologic entities and in defIning the events which occur in virus-infected cells are exemplifIed by investigations which: (a) described the epidemiology of a virus disease in an animal population (Fenner1949, 1959b); (b) em- ployed electron microscopy to study virion structure (Peters 1956, Nagington and Home 1962, Dales and Siminovitch 1961) and to derme the morphologic stages of virion develop- ment in infected cells (Morgan et al. 1954, Dales 1963); (c) dermed and elaborated on the mechanism of nongenetic reactivation for an animal virus (Joklik et al. 1960a, Fenner and Woodroofe 1960, Hanafusa 1960); (d) described the intracellular uncoating of a viral genome (Joklik 1964a, b); (e) studied the antigenic structure and complexity of poxvirions (Loh and Riggs 1961, Woodroofe and Fenner 1962, Appleyard et al. 1964, Appleyard and Westwood 1964); (1) described the use of chemotherapy to treat viral infec- tions (Bauer et al. 1963); (g) fIrst demonstrated the presence of virion-coded enzymes encapsulated within virions (Kates and McAuslan 1967, Munyon et al. 1967); and (h) established the H -2 restriction of cytotoxic T-cell killing of virus-infected cells in the murine system (Doherty et al. 1976).