Questions of gender in Byzantine society

Gender was a key social indicator in Byzantine society, as in many others.

While studies of gender in the western medieval period have appeared regularly in the past decade, similar studies of Byzantium have lagged behind.

Masculine and feminine roles were not always as clearly defined as in the West, while eunuchs made up a 'third gender' in the imperial court.

Social status indicators were also in a state of flux, as much linked to patronage networks as to wealth, as the Empire came under a series of external and internal pressures.

This fluidity applied equally in ecclesiastical and secular spheres.

The present collection of essays uncovers gender roles in the imperial family, in monastic institutions of both genders, in the Orthodox church, and in the nascent cult of Mary in the east.

It puts the spotlight on flashpoints over a millennium of Byzantine rule, from Constantine the Great to Irene and the Palaiologoi, and covers a wide geographical range, from Byzantine Italy to Syria.