Religions, transnational actors and soft power

Haynes looks at religious transnational actors in the context of international relations, with a focus on both security and order.

With renewed scholarly interest in the involvement of religion in international relations, many observers and scholars have found this move unexpected because it challenges conventional wisdom about the nature and long-term historical impact of secularisation.

The 'return' of religion to international relations necessarily involves deprivatisation.

Recent challenges to international security and order emanate from various entities, notably 'extremists', people often said to be 'excluded' from the benefits of globalisation for reasons of culture, history and geography.