Living with Wildlife : Sustainable livelihoods for park-adjacent communities in Kenya

Conflicts of interest are likely to intensify if rural poverty and dependency on land increases.

Many complex cultural and social issues are raised by a shift to cultivation and other new livelihood strategies for traditionally pastoralist communities, none of which currently promote beneficial interactions with wildlife conservation.

This paper considers whether the problematic situations that emerge can be dealt with by improved management of interactions between the stakeholders, or whether the dilemmas faced are part of a deeper structural conflict of interests which the more optimistic win-win literature on communities and wildlife management in Africa has obscured.